iostat, vmstat, prstat, mpstat, nicstat, netstat

iostat reports CPU, disk I/O, and NFS statistics.
vmstat reports virtual memory statistics.
mpstat reports processors statictics.

vmstat: Virtual Memory statistic. 实时收集并报告主内存,交换分区(SWAP)以及 CPU 的使用情况. 用来查找和定位内存的性能问题.

procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 1  0      0  90175    239   1434    0    0     0     1    3    2  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0  90175    239   1434    0    0     0     0  153  176  0  0 100  0  0
 1  0      0  90151    239   1434    0    0     0     4 3068 1961  1  2 97  0  0

r: process running
b: process blocked
swpd: swapped to swap
free: memory free
buff: memory committed
cache: declared or can be swapped to swap
si: swap in
so: swap out
bi: block in (read disk unit is block, memory unit is page)
bo: block out
in: interrupt
cs: context switch
us: user, sd: system/kernel, id: idle, ws: waste

https://www.linode.com/docs/uptime/monitoring/use-vmstat-to-monitor-system-performance

占位
http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/07/iostat-vmstat-mpstat-examples/