2023年6月

使用 ssh 登录 qemu 启动的 VM

在实验 https://github.com/int0x03/kernel-utils 的过程中, 我们最后通过 qemu 启动 img 文件, 然后通过我们预设的用户名/密码进入 shell. 但是这个shell 和启动VM 用的同一个tty, 所以系统的一些message 会源源不断的输出到这个tty, 如果你要在这个shell 改些东西, 会非常尴尬.

如何启动另外一个tty?

要启动另外一个tty, 我们可以通过 ssh 登录这个VM, 就需要安装 openssh-server, 所以我们更改 config/env.sh 在需要安装到软件那行, 加入 openssh-server.

改后:

packages_to_install="systemd-resolved bpftrace bpfcc-tools gdb iptables openssh-server"

另外需要本地端口做转换, 所以需要更改 qemu 的启动参数, 在 boot 文件改动如下:

netdev_args="user,id=network0,net=192.168.0.0/24 -device e1000,netdev=network0 -net nic -net user,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22"

sshd server 默认是不让以 root 用户登录的, 所以要更改 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 运行root 访问:

PermitRootLogin yes

然后重启 sshd server

systemctl restart ssh

如何登录

在宿主机 ssh -p 2222 root@localhost

Linux 内核的编译, 启动和制作ISO镜像

(本文最初发布在掘金 https://juejin.cn/post/7242312269887914041)
学习 Linux 内核的第一步就是下载 Linux 内核代码, 然后进行编译与运行.

下载内核源代码

内核源码除了 Linus 的官方 https://github.com/torvalds/linux git, 还有各家发布版的 Linux 内核. 最好去发布版的内核去下载, 这样编译过程中不容易出错.

我的 Linux 机器是 Ubuntu 22.04 TLS, 所以根据官方文档: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/SourceCode, 可以 clone git 下载:

$ git clone --depth 1 -b master git://git.launchpad.net/~ubuntu-kernel/ubuntu/+source/linux/+git/jammy

这里为了减少下载文件的数量和大小, 选择只下载最新的代码, 只选择了master分支. 下载到 jammy 文件夹.

编译配置

编译之前先要安装编译内核需要的各种安装包:

$ sudo apt update 
$ sudo apt upgrade -y
$ sudo apt install git fakeroot build-essential ncurses-dev xz-utils libssl-dev bc flex bison libelf-dev -y 

配置并编译

$ cd jammy
# 此时并没有 .config 文件, 执行下面的命令会让你选择配置, 然后保存.
$ make menuconfig
# 生成 .config 文件
$ ls -lah .config
-rw-rw-r-- 1 sre sre 256K Jun  2 20:58 .config

我们可以看到 .config 文件里面的各种配置项目, 比如:

CONFIG_VERSION_SIGNATURE="Ubuntu 5.15.0-72.79-generic 5.15.98"
CONFIG_HAVE_KERNEL_GZIP=y
CONFIG_TSL2583=m

有些配置项表示一个纯文本的配置, 比如上面的版本号. 另外一些后面是 =y, =m 或者=n.

  1. =y:当选项被设置为=y时,表示该选项将作为内核的一部分编译进内核映像(静态编译)。这意味着相关的功能将始终可用,并包含在生成的内核映像中。当系统启动时,这些功能将立即可用,无需加载额外的模块。选择=y是在构建内核时将特定功能编译到内核中的一种方式。
  2. =m:当选项被设置为=m时,表示该选项将作为可加载模块编译(动态编译)。这意味着相关的功能将编译为独立的模块文件(通常是以.ko为扩展名),并在需要时由内核加载。使用=m选项可以将特定功能作为模块构建,以便在运行时根据需要加载和卸载。

选择=y=m取决于您对系统需求的权衡。如果您确定某个功能始终需要在内核运行时可用,并且不希望依赖额外的模块加载过程,则选择=y。如果您希望能够根据需要加载和卸载某个功能,并且不会一直使用该功能,则选择=m。

请注意,对于某些选项,可能还有其他设置,例如=n,表示将完全排除该功能的编译。这意味着相关的功能将在内核映像和模块中都不可用。选择特定的设置取决于您的需求和系统配置。

文字界面配置如下, 最后选择 Save 到 .config 文件.
image.png

编译:

$ make all -j 4 # 使用 4个线程编译, 可能要等很久, 最后生成内核文件 arch/x86/boot/bzImage
...

$ ls -lah arch/x86/boot/bzImage
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11M Jun  5 08:59 arch/x86/boot/bzImage
Kernel: arch/x86/boot/bzImage is ready  (#1)
$ make help # 查看更多命令

如果遇到下面的出错:

sre@sre:~/work/exp/jammy$ make all -j 8
  ...
make[1]: *** No rule to make target 'debian/canonical-certs.pem', needed by 'certs/x509_certificate_list'.  Stop.
make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
make: *** [Makefile:1900: certs] Error 2

可以参看 https://askubuntu.com/questions/1329538/compiling-the-kernel-5-11-11 去掉里面证书的部分:

# 可以看到当前的配置, 改成=“”
sre@sre:~/work/exp/jammy$ cat .config | grep CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS
CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS="debian/canonical-certs.pem"

测试启动内核

首先安装 qemu, 然后启动内核:

$ sudo apt install qemu-system-x86 -y
$ qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel bzImage -append "console=tty0 console=ttyS0" -nographic
SeaBIOS (version 1.15.0-1)
iPXE (https://ipxe.org) 00:03.0 CA00 PCI2.10 PnP PMM+07F8B340+07ECB340 CA00
Booting from ROM...

Kernel Offset: disabled
---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: No working init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.

可以看到最后内核 panic, 因为没有任何 root 文件系统, 也没有 init 代码. 这时候, 我们可以通过 -initrd 来启动, 里面可以包含一个 busybox.

如何制作一个 initrd

使用 https://github.com/aweeraman/kernel-utils 提供的工具, 按照说明文档, 执行第一步 ./mk-initrd 就能生成 initramfs.cpio.gz, 里面包含了 initrc 和 busybox.

再次测试启动:

$ qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel bzImage -initrd initramfs.cpio.gz -append "console=tty0 console=ttyS0" -nographic

#这次成功启动

如何做一个最小的内核并启动进入命令行

制作最小内核

在 Linux 内核源代码根目录执行 make help, 你能看到各种有关配置的子命令, 比如:

  1. defconfig: New config with default from ARCH supplied defconfig.
  2. allnoconfig: New config where all options are answered with no.
  3. allyesconfig: New config where all options are accepted with yes.
  4. tinyconfig: Configure the tiniest possible kernel.

这里我们关注的是 tinyconfig, 于是我们先清理一下, 然后使用 tinyconfig 生成 .config 文件, 然后制作 image, 最后使用 qemu 去执行:

$ make mrproper
$ make tinyconfig
$ make all -j 8
    Kernel: arch/x86/boot/bzImage is ready

$ qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel bzImage  -append "console=tty0 console=ttyS0 init=/bin/sh" -nographic
SeaBIOS (version 1.15.0-1)
iPXE (https://ipxe.org) 00:03.0 CA00 PCI2.10 PnP PMM+07F8B340+07ECB340 CA00
Booting from ROM..

最后发现日志停在 Booting from ROM.. 就没有任何消息了.

这是因为 tinyconfig 包含的驱动或者配置太少, 导致没有后续输出, 我们需要在 tinyconfig 的基础上添加一些配置.

添加配置

添加配置使用 make menuconfig 来修改, 最后保存就好.

  1. 64-bit kernel
    image.png
  2. Device Drivers -> Character devices -> Enable TTY
    image.png
  3. Device Drivers -> Character devices -> Serial drivers -> 8250/16550 and compatible serial support -> Console on 8250/16550 and compatible serial port
    image.png
  4. General setup > Configure standard kernel features (expert users) -> Enable support for printk
    image.png

保存上面配置, 并且做一个新的image:

$ make all -j 8 
$ qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel bzImage  -append "console=tty0 console=ttyS0 init=/bin/sh" -nographic

SeaBIOS (version 1.15.0-1)
iPXE (https://ipxe.org) 00:03.0 CA00 PCI2.10 PnP PMM+07F8B340+07ECB340 CA00
Booting from ROM..
Run /bin/sh as init process
Kernel panic - not syncing: Requested init /bin/sh failed (error -2).
Kernel Offset: disabled
---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Requested init /bin/sh failed (error -2). ]---

可以看到 Kernel panic, 因为我们只是启动 kernel, 没有root 文件系统, 也没有使用 initrd 的ramdisk.

修改config 支持 initrd

使用 make menuconfig 继续修改

  1. General setup -> Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support
    image.png
  2. Executable file formats -> Kernel support for ELF binaries
    image.png

保存, 然后 make all -j 8 再次制作image, 然后运行:

$ qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel bzImage -initrd initramfs.cpio.gz -append "console=tty0 console=ttyS0 init=/bin/sh" -nographic

Run /init as init process
Failed to execute /init (error -8)
Run /bin/sh as init process
/bin/sh: can't access tty; job control turned off
/ # input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/i8042/serio1/input/input2
clocksource: tsc: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x311fac54234, max_idle_ns: 440795352581 ns
clocksource: Switched to clocksource tsc
uname -a
Linux (none) 6.4.0-rc5+ #3 Wed Jun  7 08:19:32 PDT 2023 x86_64 GNU/Linux
/ # ls /bin/
...

/ # ps aux
PID   USER     TIME  COMMAND

可以看到 kernel 启动后执行了 /bin/sh, 我们使用 uname能看到 kernel 的版本号, 但是ps 没有任何输出. 那是因为我们没有挂载 proc 文件系统. 同时执行挂载 proc 文件系统的脚本在 initramfs.cpio.gz 内部的 init 文件里, 它是一个 shell, 所以要使 kernel 支持 shell 的 #!.

再次通过 make menuconfig 修改配置:

  1. Executable file formats -> Kernel support for scripts starting with #!
    image.png
    2. File systems > Pseudo filesystems -> (/proc file system support & sysfs file system support)
    image.png

修改完保存, 然后重新制作 image, 并且运行:

$ qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel bzImage -initrd initramfs.cpio.gz -append "console=tty0 console=ttyS0 init=/bin/sh" -nographic

ps
PID   USER     TIME  COMMAND
    1 0         0:00 {init} /bin/sh /init
    2 0         0:00 [kthreadd]
    3 0         0:00 [kworker/0:0-eve]
    4 0         0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
    5 0         0:00 [kworker/u2:0-ev]
    6 0         0:00 [mm_percpu_wq]
    7 0         0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
    8 0         0:00 [oom_reaper]
    9 0         0:00 [writeback]
   10 0         0:00 [kswapd0]
   11 0         0:00 [kworker/u2:1-ev]
   12 0         0:00 [kworker/0:1-eve]
   13 0         0:00 [kworker/u2:2-ev]
   14 0         0:00 [kworker/0:2]
   19 0         0:00 sh
   20 0         0:00 ps

如何制作一个可运行的 ISO 文件

创建文件结构并且复制数据

$ mkdir -p iso/boot/grub
$ cp bzImage iso/boot/
$ cp initramfs.cpio.gz  iso/boot/

创建 grub.cfg 文件

 $ vim iso/boot/grub/grub.cfg
set default=0
set timeout=10# Load EFI video drivers. This device is EFI so keep the
# video mode while booting the linux kernel.
insmod efi_gop
insmod font
if loadfont /boot/grub/fonts/unicode.pf2
then
        insmod gfxterm
        set gfxmode=auto
        set gfxpayload=keep
        terminal_output gfxterm
fimenuentry 'myos' --class os {
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_msdos
    linux /boot/bzImage init=/bin/sh console=ttyS0 console=tty0
    initrd /boot/initramfs.cpio.gz
}

安装 xorriso, mtools 并且制作 ISO image:

$ sudo apt install xorriso mtools -y
$ grub-mkrescue -o myos.iso iso/

$ ls -lah myos.iso

使用 Qemu 测试新的 ISO image

$ qemu-system-x86_64 -boot d -cdrom myos.iso -nographic

image.png

时序数据相似性检测

看到一篇关于时序相似性检测的文章 How can we quantify similarity between time series?, 里面涉及了几种算法的对比, 非常有启发性. 于是问 ChatGPT 要了几个关于相似性的算法, 也做了相关的对比.

这里记录一下相关的代码和步骤. 这个内容是在 Jupyter Notebook 写的. 主要分为4部分.

定义几种算法

import numpy as np
import pywt

# 1. 欧拉距离 1.长度相同
def euclidean_similarity(actual, predic):
    return np.sqrt(np.sum((actual - predic) ** 2))

# 2. mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) 1.长度相同, 值不能为0
def mape_similarity(actual, predic):
    return np.mean(np.abs((actual - predic) / actual))

# 3. Pearson correlation coefficient 1.长度相同, 1.0 表示完全相同
def correlation_similarity(actual, predic):
    a_diff = actual - np.mean(actual)
    p_diff = predic - np.mean(predic)
    numerator = np.sum(a_diff * p_diff)
    denominator = np.sqrt(np.sum(a_diff ** 2)) * np.sqrt(np.sum(p_diff ** 2))
    return numerator / denominator

# 4. 余弦相似性, 1.长度相同, 1.0 表示完全相同
def cosine_similarity(x, y):
    numerator = sum([a * b for a,b in zip(x,y)])
    denominator = np.sqrt(sum([a**2 for a in x])) * np.sqrt(sum([b**2 for b in y]))
    return numerator / denominator

# 5. 基于傅立叶变换 再使用余弦相似
def fft_similarity(x, y):
    # 对两个时序数据进行傅里叶变换
    fft_x = np.fft.fft(x)
    fft_y = np.fft.fft(y)

    # 对频谱数据进行归一化处理
    norm_x = np.abs(fft_x) / len(x)
    norm_y = np.abs(fft_y) / len(y)

    # 计算余弦相似度
    numerator = np.dot(norm_x, norm_y)
    denominator = np.linalg.norm(norm_x) * np.linalg.norm(norm_y)
    similarity = numerator / denominator

    return similarity

# 6. 小波变换 -
def wavelet_similarity(x, y, wavelet='db4', level=3, threshold='soft', threshold_value=0.1):
    # 对两个时序数据进行小波变换
    coeffs_x = pywt.wavedec(x, wavelet=wavelet, level=level)
    coeffs_y = pywt.wavedec(y, wavelet=wavelet, level=level)

    # 对小波系数进行阈值处理
    if threshold == 'hard':
        thresh_coeffs_x = [pywt.threshold(c, threshold_value, mode='hard') for c in coeffs_x]
        thresh_coeffs_y = [pywt.threshold(c, threshold_value, mode='hard') for c in coeffs_y]
    elif threshold == 'soft':
        thresh_coeffs_x = [pywt.threshold(c, threshold_value, mode='soft') for c in coeffs_x]
        thresh_coeffs_y = [pywt.threshold(c, threshold_value, mode='soft') for c in coeffs_y]
    else:
        raise ValueError("Invalid threshold mode. Must be 'hard' or 'soft'.")

    # 计算余弦相似度
    flat_x = np.concatenate(thresh_coeffs_x)
    flat_y = np.concatenate(thresh_coeffs_y)
    numerator = np.dot(flat_x, flat_y)
    denominator = np.linalg.norm(flat_x) * np.linalg.norm(flat_y)
    similarity = numerator / denominator

    return similarity

# 7. 傅立叶变换 
# 先通过快速傅立叶变换把时域信号转成频域信号, 然后把其中一个频域和另外一个频域的复共轭做乘积, 再把结果做快速傅立叶逆变换, 得到在时域信号的互相关. 
def compare_multiple_arrays_with_max_shift(reference_array, other_arrays, max_shift):
    start_ns = time.time_ns()
    fft_reference = np.fft.rfft(reference_array)
    reference_norm = np.linalg.norm(reference_array)

    results = []

    for array in other_arrays:
        fft_array = np.fft.rfft(array)

        cross_correlation = np.fft.irfft(fft_reference * np.conj(fft_array))

        max_shift_arr = np.concatenate((cross_correlation[-max_shift:], cross_correlation[:max_shift + 1]))
        max_shift_abs_arr = np.abs(max_shift_arr)
        lag_index = np.argmax(max_shift_abs_arr)
        max_correlation = max_shift_abs_arr[lag_index]
        lag = lag_index - max_shift

        array_norm = np.linalg.norm(array)
        norm = reference_norm * array_norm
        correlation_coefficient = 0 if norm == 0 else max_correlation / norm

        results.append((correlation_coefficient, lag))

    print("method 0 used: ", time.time_ns() - start_ns)
    return results

定义一些辅助函数

# 一些辅助函数
def __normalize(vals):
    min_v = min(vals)
    max_v = max(vals)
    return [(x - min_v) / (max_v - min_v) * 100 for x in vals]

def __fill_0_for_empty_ts(x_values, y_values):
    """
    x_values & y_values are 2 dimension array, the 1st column is the millisecond, the 2nd
    column is the value of that time, ex: [[], [], []]
    """
    start_time = round(min(min(x_values)[0], min(y_values)[0]) / 60000)  # the min minute
    end_time = round(max(max(x_values)[0], max(y_values)[0]) / 60000)  # the max minute

    count = int(end_time - start_time) + 1
    x_vals = np.zeros(count)
    y_vals = np.zeros(count)

    for element in x_values:
        minute = round(element[0] / 60000)
        x_vals[minute - start_time] = float(element[1])

    for element in y_values:
        minute = round(element[0] / 60000)
        y_vals[minute - start_time] = float(element[1])

    return x_vals, y_vals

定义对比和测试函数

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
from IPython.display import display

def __prepare(ts_x, ts_y):
    x = ts_x[:,1]
    y = ts_y[:,1]

    fig, (ax1, ax2, ax3) = plt.subplots(3, 1, figsize=(30, 8))

    ax1.plot(np.array(ts_x[:,0], dtype='datetime64[ms]'), x, color='blue', label='ts_x')
    ax2.plot(np.array(ts_y[:,0], dtype='datetime64[ms]'), y, color='red', label='ts_y')


    nx = np.array(__normalize(x))
    ny = np.array(__normalize(y))
    ax3.plot(np.array(ts_y[:,0], dtype='datetime64[ms]'), nx, color='blue', label='normalized_x')
    ax3.plot(np.array(ts_y[:,0], dtype='datetime64[ms]'), ny, color='red', label='normalized_y')
    ax3.set_title('normalized')
    plt.tight_layout()
    
    return x, y, nx, ny

def test_similarity(x, y, similarity_func):
    return similarity_func(x, y)

# calc shift 
def test_similarity_with_move(ts_x, ts_y, similarity_func):
    steps = 8
    length = len(ts_x)
    best_score = similarity_func(ts_x, ts_y)
    best_shift = 0
    for move in range(1, steps):
        score = similarity_func(ts_x[move:], ts_y[:(length - move)])
        # print(f"{best_score} vs {score} with {similarity_func.__name__} shift: {move}")
        best_score, best_shift = (score, move) if score > best_score else (best_score, best_shift)
        
        score = similarity_func(ts_y[move:], ts_x[:(length - move)])
        # print(f"{best_score} vs {score} with {similarity_func.__name__} shift: {-move}")
        best_score, best_shift = (score, move) if score > best_score else (best_score, best_shift)
    
    return best_score, best_shift

def compare(ts_x, ts_y):
    algorithms = [correlation_similarity, cosine_similarity, fft_similarity, wavelet_similarity]
    x, y, nx, ny = __prepare(ts_x, ts_y)
    result = {"algorithm":[], "raw":[], "normalized":[], "rawWithShift":[], "normalizedWithShift":[]}
    for algorithm in algorithms:
        result["algorithm"].append(algorithm.__name__)
        result["raw"].append(test_similarity(x, y, algorithm))
        result["normalized"].append(test_similarity(nx, ny, algorithm))
        result["rawWithShift"].append(test_similarity_with_move(x, y, algorithm))
        result["normalizedWithShift"].append(test_similarity_with_move(nx, ny, algorithm))

    df = pd.DataFrame(result)
    display(df)
    

对比测试

明显区分度测试

# 测试1 明显区分度 原始数据
ts_x = 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ts_y = np.array([[1682638320000,1.2999976391715666],[1682638380000,1.3445933616363022],[1682638440000,0.8513891645166145],[1682638500000,0.580030734376455],[1682638560000,0.5366737829361838],[1682638620000,0.29213584265117487],[1682638680000,0.06666666666666667],[1682638740000,0.016666666666666666],[1682638800000,0.016666666666666666],[1682638860000,0],[1682638920000,0.016666666666666666],[1682638980000,0.041666666666666664],[1682639040000,0.049999999999999996],[1682639100000,0.14999968754412588],[1682639160000,0.16110728963202783],[1682639220000,0.15000013889120378],[1682639280000,0.14438552780642439],[1682639340000,0.3352488269002545],[1682639400000,0.4791106494858955],[1682639460000,0.4670988185285921],[1682639520000,0.47477976942200895],[1682639580000,0.4166843529964785],[1682639640000,0.5047513306649607],[1682639700000,1.1145315261277136],[1682639760000,1.3657446685411132],[1682639820000,1.3118932804610217],[1682639880000,1.3502069581635667],[1682639940000,0.8249999312100912],[1682640000000,0.5749947576282455],[1682640060000,0.425062421275175],[1682640120000,0.39166635418185697],[1682640180000,0.5333356252965927],[1682640240000,0.5416674308240772],[1682640300000,0.5416659377744454],[1682640360000,0.5499998959440148],[1682640420000,0.46666524316478064],[1682640480000,0.6336589514654256],[1682640540000,0.6913314113839778],[1682640600000,0.5028315836111288],[1682640660000,0.38466392611255945],[1682640720000,0.19999944449045007],[1682640780000,0.10833336810662474],[1682640840000,0.03333333333333333],[1682640900000,0.0250005208514185],[1682640960000,0.2667035720031638],[1682641020000,0.40833451392505926],[1682641080000,0.5416680904110321],[1682641140000,0.6833330295489726],[1682641200000,0.45832292308947503],[1682641260000,0.5583323612227931],[1682641320000,0.46665854636552123],[1682641380000,0.34166541686573676],[1682641440000,0.33333107679551194],[1682641500000,0.08333326388946759],[1682641560000,0.05000010416796876],[1682641620000,0.024999999999999998],[1682641680000,0.016666666666666666],[1682641740000,0.024999999999999998],[1682641800000,0.041669619101209456],[1682641860000,0.049999999999999996],[1682641920000,0.05833302083926493],[1682641980000,0.15000000000000005],[1682642040000,0.1333332638938078],[1682642100000,0.2083326042501437],[1682642160000,0.6653442813240605],[1682642220000,1.0819944200907627],[1682642280000,1.3986757640109924],[1682642340000,1.6500266144000366],[1682642400000,1.4083953201740684],[1682642460000,1.1167151023096336],[1682642520000,0.9916681947057309],[1682642580000,0.7666733685670183],[1682642640000,0.7583336112326406],[1682642700000,0.59166618062355],[1682642760000,0.6583337847718469],[1682642820000,0.5999875460015153],[1682642880000,0.6166656945127288],[1682642940000,0.6166678820895601],[1682643000000,0.4499863662297911],[1682643060000,0.9416896769371015],[1682643120000,0.9832976874844609],[1682643180000,0.9333240658929527],[1682643240000,1.0750055964431735],[1682643300000,0.600000903022002],[1682643360000,0.39173132611068756],[1682643420000,0.40000562689957914],[1682643480000,0.4916728171698435],[1682643540000,0.5500227058301577],[1682643600000,0.9166703126734733],[1682643660000,1.0583296540822842],[1682643720000,0.8999965974380644],[1682643780000,1.1166663542753188],[1682643840000,0.7916661458777478],[1682643900000,0.76667354487317],[1682643960000,0.7722229090747322],[1682644020000,0.4666662500708899],[1682644080000,0.7416511215169792],[1682644140000,0.8249939602133775],[1682644200000,0.7083330903728287],[1682644260000,0.8083158526792605],[1682644320000,0.6416650001313566],[1682644380000,0.724999757219176],[1682644440000,0.8166649654408255],[1682644500000,0.7666740378807257],[1682644560000,0.6083323959263589],[1682644620000,0.37500145838802307],[1682644680000,0.4499981251539282],[1682644740000,0.48333923941052465],[1682644800000,0.5333367363136681],[1682644860000,0.4833325347750283],[1682644920000,0.37500076390596115],[1682644980000,0.400000000050347],[1682645040000,0.3833338194904531],[1682645100000,0.4333312848965507],[1682645160000,0.3416668750176507],[1682645220000,0.24166645841926884],[1682645280000,0.21666690978081724],[1682645340000,0.15833458338599746],[1682645400000,0.14166677085546953],[1682645460000,0.12500935008019612],[1682645520000,0.5833696574822261],[1682645580000,1.3166618058052564],[1682645640000,1.7416512586793633],[1682645700000,2.066650247736495],[1682645760000,1.791559029251039],[1682645820000,1.1082862688662387],[1682645880000,0.7999629530472216],[1682645940000,0.44166684035257686],[1682646000000,0.4416632989306695],[1682646060000,0.39166559063438255],[1682646120000,0.29166784727343953],[1682646180000,0.3500004167204877],[1682646240000,0.1333350349949652],[1682646300000,0.1416661805839104],[1682646360000,0.11666652778009254],[1682646420000,0.049999999999999996],[1682646480000,0.05000045141334044],[1682646540000,0.0583330208398436],[1682646600000,0.15833333336313743],[1682646660000,0.30833399308608334],[1682646720000,0.45000006944965304],[1682646780000,0.5250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compare(ts_x, ts_y)

结果:
verySimi.png

不明显区分度

# 测试2 一般区分度 
ts_x = 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compare(ts_x, ts_y)

结果:
lowSimi.png